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About Société Générale S.A.

Société Générale S.A., founded in 1864 and headquartered in Paris, is a large French universal bank operating across retail banking, corporate and investment banking, private banking, asset management and securities services, with a broad international footprint in Europe, Africa and parts of Asia; the group is publicly listed on Euronext Paris and is a longstanding constituent of France’s benchmark index. The bank’s business model combines retail networks in its core domestic market with wholesale banking activities that include capital markets, structured finance and transaction banking, and it provides a range of ancillary services such as leasing, consumer finance and custody; this diversification drives multiple revenue streams but also exposes the group to credit, market, operational and counterparty risks inherent to both retail and investment-bank activities. Société Générale has undergone repeated strategic reviews and cost-control programs in recent years aimed at refocusing on core markets, strengthening capital positions and improving profitability, alongside investments in digital channels and technology-driven services to respond to changing customer behavior. The institution operates under French and European banking supervision and is subject to prudential and conduct rules that influence capital allocation, leverage and liquidity management; its risk profile is affected by macroeconomic cycles, interest-rate movements, market volatility and geopolitical developments in markets where it is active. The group’s governance and compliance frameworks have been reshaped over time in response to past incidents, most notably the 2008 trading loss linked to unauthorized activity that prompted operational and control reforms; like many large banks it has faced regulatory inquiries and fines historically, which remain a factor for legal and reputation risk. For corporate clients, investors and depositors the bank offers scale, a wide product set and international reach, while countervailing considerations include exposure to cyclical banking risks, regulatory constraints, ongoing cost-transformation execution risk and the operational complexities of running both retail and capital markets businesses.